Sweden (Sverige)

Capital : Stockholm

Älsborg län, Blekinge län, Gävleborgs län, Hallands län, Jämtlands län, Kristianstads län, Kronobergs län, Malmohus län, Norrbotten, Örebro län, Östergötlands län, Skaraborgs län, Södermanlands län, Västermanlands län, Svealand, Uppsala län, Värmlands län, Västerbottens län, Vasternorrlands län


History

During the Viking period, the Swedes concentrated on the Baltic and Kievan Russia with some becoming masters of Novgorod and Kiev. (They became slavicized but continued to make dynastic alliances with Scandinavia). Sweden was not united until the end of the C11th under the kings of Uppland but the southern coastal areas of Halland, Skane and Blekinge remained under Danish control. Sweden joined Denmark, Norway and Finland in the Union of Kalmar (1397-1523) but broke away to regain independence under Gustavus Vasa. He also broke with Rome, adopted Lutheranism and began to improve the Swedish economy, army and navy. As the only ice-free access to the North Sea was an 11-mile strip between Halland (Denmark) and Bohuslan (Norway) guarded by the fortress of Alvsborg, his position was unstable at first and the fortress fell to Danish invasions several times.

Sweden gained control of Alvsborg for a large ransom after the Seven Years' War of the North (1563-70), under Gustavus' sons, Eric XIV and John III, and was becoming a significant force within and without the Baltic region by 1581. Finland had been under Swedish control since the C14th and John III had married a Polish princess so their son became king of Poland as Sigismund III in 1587. When John died in 1592, he also inherited Sweden. This brought about a constitutional crisis and Sigismund was deposed by his uncle, Charles IX, inaugurating fifty years of open hostility between Poland and Sweden, already divided by conflicting interests in Livonia.

When Charles' son, Gustavus Adolphus, became king aged 17 in 1611, Sweden was surrounded by hostile states. Although his reign began with the setback of the loss of Alvsborg to Denmark, he regained it under the Peace of Knared in 1613. He gained large amounts of territory by his death in 1632 and expansion continued. Peace treaties included those of Stolbovo in 1617 and Westphalia in 1648. Under the Peace of Bromsebro, Sweden gained Gotland and Osel from Denmark and lands from Norway. Under the Peace of Roskilde, Sweden was granted Scania, Halland, Bohuslan, Blekinge and Bornholm from Denmark. By this stage, Sweden's enemies were combining against her and only the alliance with Louis XIV of France prevented territorial losses when Denmark started the Scanian War (1676-9).

As a result, the reign of Charles XI was rather cautious. He was succeeded in 1697 by his 15-year-old son, Charles XII, and in 1700 the Great Northern War began. This was to lead to a more powerful Russia and to destroy the power of Sweden and Poland despite Charles' early victory at Narva in the Gulf of Finland. Tsar Peter the Great recaptured Narva in 1704, defeated the Swedes at Poltava in 1709 and Russia gained Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland Karelia and south east Finland in peace treaties from 1719-21. Most of the Swedish territories in Germany were divided between Hanover and the new state of Brandenburg-Prussia.

Finland was to gain independence in 1917 without returning to Swedish rule. Modern Sweden joined the European Free Trade Association in 1960 but has never regained the powerful status it enjoyed during the C17th.


Swedish Names

Old Norse personal names are still popular alongside Biblical ones and some borrowings from other European countries.


Male

ÅbjörnAgatonAgnarAgne AhlÅke
AlbertAlbinAlbrektAlf Alf-IngeAlgot
AlrikAlvarAlvasterAlve AmadeusAmandus
AmbjörnAmbrosiusAmundAnders AndorAndreas
ÅneÅnerAnifasAntall AntonAnund
ÅradArentArildÄrnbjörn ÄrneArnfast
ArnfinnAronArturArvast ArvidAsbjörn
AsbjørnAsgärdAsmund AssarAtleAtte
AugustAugustinAxelBalder BaltsarBård
BartoldBastianBåtelBengt BenjaminBerge
BergrenBerielBernhardBernt BertilBertram
BielkeBiggeBirgelBirger BirreBjarne
BjörnBjørnBlasiusBo BondeBörge
BörilBörjeBosseBotel BotolfBotvid
BrageBrasseBroddeBroder BrolleBror
BrunoBryngelBrynjulfBrynolf BrynteCarl-Axel
ChristerChristianDagDahl DanielDavid
DetlofDidrikDjurDominikus EbbeEberhard
EckardEdvardEdvinEemil EfraimEggert
EgilEgonEilifEinarEirik Eivind
EjlertElefElfEliasElis Elling
ElofElovElverEmanuelEmbrikt Emil
EnarEnevaldEngelbertEngelbrekt EnokErengisle
ErhardErikErlandErling ErnfridErnst
EsaiasEsbjörnEsiasEskel EskilEspen
EugenEvaldEvertEyvind FabianFader
FajerFaleFaltinFardhe FarmanFaste
FilipFilpusFinnFinnur FinnvidFolke
FrändeFrankFransFrederik FredrikFrenne
FridolfFritjofFritsFrode FröstenGälar
GammalGeertGeirGeorgGerhard Germund
GertGertonGertornGilius GillisGisle
GisselGjohlGjölGjord GjurGöran
GöstaGötarGöteGottfrid GotthardGottskalk
GregerGregersGrelsGries GrimGude
GudhlekGudmarrGudmundGull GullbrandGulle
GullikGummeGunbjörnGunnar GustafGustav
GuttormHabbolHaborHabord HagbardHåkan
HåkonHakvinHäljeHalle HalstenHalvar
HalvardHalvorHammenHamund HansHarald
HärleifHartmanHartvigHåvard HedinHelge
HelleHelmerHemmingHendrik HenningHenrik
HerlekHerlofHermodHerse HerstenHildebrand
HinderHindrikHjertonHolger HolstenHumfrid
IlianIngeIngelIngemar IngmarIngvar
IsakIvanIvarJakobJan Jan-Ove
JarlJarleJarmoJeanJehan Jens
JeppaJerkJerkerJesper JoakimJockum
JoenJohanJohannesJonJonam Jonas
JönnJooseppiJoosyJöran JordJörgan
JörgenJørnJösse JostJosteinJurd
JurgenKaarleKaiKajKalle Karl
KarstenKasperKastenKeijo KennetKenneth
KettilKimKjellKjetilKlas Klass
KlemensKnutKonradKrister KristianKristoffer
KurtLageLarsLasseLaurens Lave
LeifLekLelleLennartLenne Linnar
LinusLudvigLukasMagne MagnusMalkolm
MalteManneMånsMarius MarkusMart
MårtenMartinMatsMattias MauritsMelker
MikaelMikkelMortenNanne NannulfNavn
NelsNiclasNiklasNikodemus NikolausNils
NisseNjordOddOddvarOdert Ödger
OlaOlausOlavOleOllë Olof
OlovOlufÖndeÖne ÖnneÖnnert
OredÖrjanOrvarOskar ÖstenOve
ØysteinØyvindPall PålPärPåske
PatrikPaulPavelPederPer Per-Ulrik
PeterPetriPetterPolPreben Ragnar
RagnvaldRagvaldRalRamund RansuRasmus
RavelReidarRenholtRikard RoarRobban
RolfRuneRutgerSakarias SakrisSalmund
SanderSanteSasserSeger SegolSeved
SibbeSifferSiggeSigurd SiverSjunne
SoneSörenStaffanStefan SteinSteinar
StenStianStigStureStyrbjörn Svante
SveinSvenSverreTageTeodor Teofil
TerjeTeusThomasThommy ThorTiburtius
TidemanTidrikTimoteusTobbe TobiasTol
TolfTolleTomTomasTommy Tor
TorbenTorbjörnTorbjørn TordToreTorger
TorgnyTorolfTorstenTorulf TorvaldTove
TronTrondTruedTrygveTure Tuve
TykeTyrgilsUddUlfUlrik Une
UniUnoUrbanValdemarValentin Valfrid
ValterVasteVelamVerner ViarVidar
VidkunVidrikViggoViktor VilfredVilhelm
VilleYggeYggerYngvarYngve Zachris
Zackris


Female

Names with an '-is' ending date from medieval times and may not be in current use in this form.


AaseAblunaAdaAdelaAdelina Adina
AdolfinaAdrianaAgataAgda AgnesAgneta
AgnethaAinaAjdaAlbertina AlexandraAlfhild
AlfridAlfridaAliciaAlida AlinaAlma
AlvaAmaliaAmandaAmborg AndriettaAnette
AnitaAnjaAnnAnnaAnne Anneka
Anne-LisAnneliAnnettaAnni-Frid AnnikaAntoinetta
AntoniaApolloniaArgunArna ÄrnborgÄrndis
ÄrnfridÄrngunnaÅsa ÅseAslaugAslög
AstaAstridAudAugustaAurora Barbara
BarbroBäretBatsebaBeata BedaBenedikta
BengtaBenjaminaBenteBeret BeretaBerit
BeritaBernhardinaBertaBerthold BibiBirgit
BirgittaBirgitteBjörgBjørg BodilBoel
BollaBorghildBörtaBothild BotilBotilda
BotildisBotillaBrigidaBrigitta BritBrita
BrittBrittaCallaCamilla CarinaCarita
CarolaCathrineCeciliaCecilie CesiaCesya
CharlottaChatarinaChristinaCristina DagmarDagny
DammöDianaDisaDordi DoroteaEbba
EditEdlaEiraEleonoraEli Elin
ElisabetElisabethElisifEljena EllaEllen
EllenaEllikaEllinorElna ElsaElse
ElviElviraElzabyEmelia EmerentiaEmfrid
EmiliaEmmaEngelEngelborg EnglaEriana
ErikaErnestinaEsterEstrid EstridisEufemia
EufrosynaEugeniaEvaEvelina EvyFamke
FilippaFloraFlorentinaFransiska FredrikaFreja
FridFridaFrideFrøydis GabriellaGala
GärdGeorginaGerborgGerd GerdaGertrud
GertrudisGesaGeskaGisela GislögGloria
GöleGöligGölinGörel GörvelGösta
GötaGötildaGretaGrete GretheGro
GudborgGudlögGudrunGull-Britt Gull-LisGull-Maj
GunborgGunbritGunhildGunilla GunlaGunn
GunnelGunnelaGunnieGunnil GunnilaGunnur
GunvorGuruGustavaGydha GyridGyridis
HafridisHamfridHannaHanne HebblaHedda
HedvigHedvigisHegeHeidi HelenaHelene
HelgaHelivigisHelvigHenrietta HenrikaHialmborg
HildaHildeHildegardHildur HillaHillevi
HilmaHjördisHolmfridHolmfridis HuldaIda
IlianIlianaIljaIlvaIna Inga
IngarIngeIngeborgIngefrid IngegärdIngegerd
IngelIngelaIngelövIngemo IngerIngerd
IngerliseIngfridInggiälIngiärd IngielIngirun
IngiwaraIng-LisInglaIngrid IngunnIrene
IsaIsabellaJakobinaJana JaninaJanna
JanneJannecheJannikeJessika JohannaJorid
JorunnJosefinaJuditJulia JulianaJullan
JustinaKajaKajsaKaren KariKarin
KaritaKarnaKarolinaKatarina KatenaKaterina
KerstinKerstinaKettillögKicki KirstenKjella
KjellögKjerstiKlaraKolina KolynKonstantia
KorneliaKristensaKristinKristina KristineKunigundis
LauraLaurentiaLeaLena LeneLilli
LillianLinaLindaLineLinn Linnéa
LisaLisbetLisbetaLisbeth LiseLiselotte
LisetteLiskenLivLotta LovaLovisa
LuciaLukretiaLussiLydia MagdalenaMagnhild
MagnillaMahthiltMaiMaila MajMaj-Britt
MajaMajkenMaj-LisMalena MalinMalla
MärdaMarenMaretaMäret MargaretaMargarte
MargartheMargitMargtaMari MariaMarianne
MarieMarikaMarinaMarit MaritaMarna
MärtaMarteMartinaMaud MektildMerete
MetaMettaMetteMiaMikaela Minna
MinonaMirjamMonaMonica MonikaNaemi
NaimaNannaNanneNetaNikolina Nilla
NilsineNinaNoraÖdgärd ÖdgunOdila
OlauaOleanaOlenaOlgaÖllegård Olöf
OluOskaraOttiliaOttiliana PaulaPaulina
PellaPernillaPetraPia PriskaRådgärd
RadhburgisRågiählRågierdh RagnborgRagnfridRagnhelf
RagnhildRagnilRagnilaRakel RamborgRamfrid
RandiRangelRangelaRea RebeckaRegina
ReidunRigelRigmorRisa RitaRosa
RosalindaRosamundaRosauraRosina RosineRosita
RunaRutSabinaSagaSanna Sara
SassaSeborgSelmaSerafia SestridSestridis
SibyllaSigneSignildSigrid SigridisSilja
SiljeSinaSiriSissaSissel Sissela
SivSixtenSofiaSolveig SonjaSonje
StellaStinaStineSunniva SusannaSvea
SvenborgSylviaSynnöveSynnøve TeaTekla
TeodoraTeolindaTeresiaThora TillaTjörven
TollaTonaToneTonnaTora Torborg
TörenTorfridTorillTorvar TorviTova
ToveTrinaTrineTrudeTruen Tua
TulliaTuridTuttaTyraTyre Tyrvi
UllaUlrikaUnaUnniUrsilla Valborg
VanjaVegaVendelaVerna VeronikaVesta
VibekeVigdisViktoriaVilhelmina VirginiaViveka
VivekeVivicaWalburgisWenche Ylva


Surnames

Many inherited family names were originally patronymics consisting of the father's personal name with the ending '-sson'. Placenames are also quite common.


AasAasenAbergAbrahamsen AdalsteinnAdlercreutz
AdlersparreAdolfsonAdolfssonAgardh AhlquistAhlstad
AkeÅkerstedtAkrakaAlenius AlexanderssonAlmgren
AlmquisAlsvikAmdahlAmundsen AnckarströmAnderberg
AndersenAnderssonAndreassenAndreasson AndrénAndresen
AnglertAngstromAntonsenApell ArbmanArmfelt
ArnesenArnfeldtAssarAsther AuneAxelsson
BackstromBakkeBakkenBarlund BaryardBashe
BbjornstrandBellmanBergBerge BerggrenBerglund
BergmanBergquistBergstromBerntsen BielvenstramBirkeland
BirklBjorklundBjorkmanBlomqvist BøeBoman
BondesonBorgBorjesonBornholdt BosseBrahe
BranchBrannstromBreinholstBrekke BrokholcBruun
CajanderCarlquistCarlssonCastren CederlandChristensen
ChristiansenCraboCreutzCronstedt CronströmDagard
DahlDahlbeckDahlbergDahlin DahlquistDanielsen
DellenbrantEdbergEdlundEdvardsen EgermanEgner
EhrenströmEideEkEkerot EkmanEkstom
EliassenEliassonEllingsenEnckell EngenEnquist
EriksenEvensenEwerlofFagerholm FaltskogFasjovik?
FasthFeldbaekFilssunu Flogard FlygtForsberg
ForsbrandForstanFrankFranzen FredriksenFreudenthal
FridellFriggebergFrohlanderFromberg FulkeFunkquist
GansahGardeGottmoGraber GräslundGrönberg
GronhagGronhagenGronholmGrotenfelt GrundvigGulbrandsen
GundersenGustavssonGyllingHaarland HackzellHaegmann
HagenHageskogHäggHaglund HakansonHallberg
HallenHalvorsenHansenHanssen HanssonHaug
HaugeHaugenHauglandHedblom HednerHegstrom
HellandHengeHenriksenHilberg HildenHjelm
HjochHjorthHogbarnHoglund HölderlinHolm
HolmbergHolmgrenHolmlundHormertz HornHultgren
IngbergIsaksenIsbergIversen JacobsenJaerbyn
JägerhonJagerskioldJakobsen JanssonJarlJarrel
JarrydJensenJenssenJohannessen JohansenJohnsen
JonssonJónssonJørgensen JössiKallingKamark
KameusKarlsenKetolaKhrohn KindahlKjellberg
KjellinKlingeKlingspolKnudsen KnutsenKnutson
KochKrantzKristensenKristiansen KristoffersenKronberg
KrosbyKullbergKulleKulti KvammeLaestadius
LagerrothLammLandgreLarsen LarssonLie
LienLillkvistLindforsLindhom LindquistLinhart
LinnaeusLjungdahlLöfgrenLohse LojdahlLonnquist
Lonnqvist LönnrotLönnroth LoofLovgrenLund
LundahlLundeLundinLyngstrad MalmerMalmgren
MalmstenMannerheimMartenssonMartinsen MathiasMathisen
MechelinMednickMelanderMelin MikkelsenMoberg
MoeMoenMolanderMöring MyhreMyklebust
NæssNarupNasmanNeumann NewquistNielsen
NiklotNilsenNilsmarkNordby NordenbergNordin
NowenNybergNygårdNyholm NykvistNylander
NymanNyquistNystromØdegård OdheOhisson
OlanderOlinOlsenOlsson OrtendhalOttosson
OxenstiernaPalanderPalmeParmander ParnevikPassgard
PaulsenPedersenPernforsPetersson PetraeusPettersen
Pile?PollakPorthanRask RasmussenRenberg
RingomRolfRonbackRønning RudbeckRudberg
RunebergRuudSætherSaevas SalchowSalo
SamuelsonSamuelssonSandelinSandell SandstedtSandvik
SentzkeSilanderSilfverbergSimonsen SivertsenSjoberg
SjodinSjögrenSjolandSjöland SjostromSjovold
SkaarenorSkjöldebrandSkold SoderbergSöderholmSoderqvist
SolbergSolheimSolomonssonSonderby SørensenSorenstam
SpekkeSpeltkeSprengportenStahlhamdske StahrbergStandlund
StenbergerStenmarkSternerStjerna StrandStranga
StreniusStrindbergStrøm SudesvalSundbergSundell
SundgrenSundinSundquistSundstrom SunesonSvan
SvendsenSvinhufuudSwanstromSwartling SwedbourgSwedenhielm
TalmanTangenTannerTanquist TaubeTegner
TemrinTengstromThernThomassen ThoresenThorsen
ThorsselThullinThunbergTillstrom TopeliusTorkelinson
TörreTottTranaTveit UhlgrenUlvaeus
UtneValbergValquistVik WaaraWahlström
WaleenstedtWallenWalsøWedlund WegraeusWeibull
WestergrenWetterstromWetterstrum WibergWideenWidemark
WiderbergWieseWifstrandWiik WikborgWiklander
WikstromWilanderWinnerstrandWistrom WredeZachrisson
ZahrissonZettesbergZilliacus


Rulers

NameReignRelationship Spouse
Svein of Denmark995
Olaf the Tax-king1000-
Edmund Slemme1056
Stenkil1056-79deposed Edmund
Halstanc 1090
Inge I1079-1112
Interregnum1112-18
Inge II1118-29
Sverker I1129-50 elected
Erik the Saint1150-60Kristina
Karl VII 1162-8nephew of Sverker I
Knut1168-92son of Erik the Saint
Sverker II1192-1210son of Knut
Erik X1210-20son of Knut
John I1220-3son of Sverker II
Erik XI1223-50son of Erik X
Waldemar I1250-75(regent Birger -1266)
Magnus I Barnlock1275-90
Birger II1290-1319
Magnus II 1319-63 elected VIII Norway
Albert II1363-89 elected
Margaret of Norway1387-1412 Regent
Erik VIII of Pomerania 1412-48?Norway
Karl VIII1448-57expelled

1464-70 restored

Knutsen
Kristian I Denmark1457-64
Regents for Denmark
Sten Sturre the Elder1471-97 nephew of Karl VIII
Svante Nilsson1504-12related to Sten Sturre
Sten Sturre the Younger1512-20 son of Svante Nilsson
Kristian II Denmark1520-3?
Gustav I Vasa1523-60defeated Denmark 1 Katarina of SL

2 K Stenbock ML

Erik XIV1560-9son of Gustav Vasa Karin Mansdotter
Johan III1568-92son of Gustav Vasa Catherine of Poland
Sigismund III Vasa1592-1600 + Polandson of Johan III
Karl IX1604-11son of Gustav Vasa Christina of Holstein Gottorp
Gustav II Adolf (Gustavus Adolphus)1611-32 son of Karl IXMary Eleanora of Bransdenburg
Kristina1632-54 d 1689daughter of Gustav II
Karl X Gustav1654-60son of John Casimir of Zweibrucken + Catherine, daughter of Gustav II Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein Gottorp
Karl XI1660-97son of Karl XUlrika Eleonar of Denmark
Karl XII1697-1718son of Karl XI
Ulrika Eleonora1718-20sister of Karl XII
Frederik I1720-51Hesse KasselQueen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden
Adolf Frederik1751-71Holstein Gottorp Louisa Ulrika of Prussia
Gustav III1771-92son of Adolf Frederik Sofia Magdalena of Denmark
Gustav IV Adolf1792-1809 exiled d 1837son of Gustav III Queen Frederika of Baden
Karl XIII1809-18 N 1814brother of Gustav III Charlotte of Oldenburg
Karl XIV Johan1818-44French marshall, Jean Bernadotte Desideria Clary
Oskar I1844-59son of Karl XIVJosephine of Leuchtenburg
Karl XV1859-72 + Norwayson of Oskar I Lovisa of Netherlands
Oskar II1872-1905 N to Dson of Oskar I Sophia of Nassau
Gustav V1907-50son of Oskar II Viktoria of Baden (Vasa descendent)
Gustav VI1950-73son of Gustav V Margaret, daughter of Arthur, son of Queen Victoria
Karl XVI Gustav1973-grandson of Gustav V + son of Gustav Adolf


Return to Scandinavian Names index

Return to main index


This collection of names compiled by Kate Monk. Copyright January 1997, Kate Monk. Last updated February, 98. Copies may be made for personal use only.